Being Attentive
Post Event Evaluations for Steep Slope Roofing
by Richard K. Olson, President & Technical Director, Tile Roofing Industry Alliance
(Editor’s Note: Richard K. Olson is president and technical director for the Tile Roofing Industry Alliance. The association represents industry professionals involved in the manufacturing and installation of concrete and clay tile roofs in the United States and Canada, and works with national, state, and local building officials to develop installation techniques, codes, and standards for better roofing systems. Olson can be reached at rolson@tileroofing.org.)
As 2024 ends we reflect on a year marked by record-breaking wind, hail, and fire events. These natural disasters underscore the increasing need for skilled design professionals to assess post-event building conditions. For steep slope roofing applications, understanding key evaluation areas is crucial in assisting with repairs and navigating insurance protocols. Globally in 2024, insured losses from natural disasters exceeded $100 billion for the seventh time in eight years, reflecting a 70% increase above historical norms. Severe thunderstorms in the United States alone caused over $34 billion in insured damages in the first half of the year, while total losses from these events reached $45 billion. Other notable events included wildfires, hurricanes, and flooding, contributing to escalating claim costs for insurance companies
Since 1980, severe storms have caused over $450 billion in damage, with more than a third of the 220 billion-dollar storm events occurring within the past five years. As baseline temperatures rise due to climate change, the frequency and intensity of severe storms escalate. Warmer air holds more moisture, fueling stronger thunderstorms that impact growing communities as developments expand into storm-prone regions.
Design professionals play a pivotal role in identifying the extent of damage and determining appropriate repair or replacement measures. Unfortunately, the default response is often a complete roof replacement, regardless of the condition of the roof’s components. With the proper tools and resources, design professionals can guide informed decisions that balance cost, efficiency, and durability.
Effective post-storm evaluations start with understanding the original installation, specifically, the codes and practices in place at the time of construction. These codes and practices significantly influence the extent of repairs or upgrades required after storm damage. For steep slope roofing, the following considerations are essential:
Building Codes: Building codes evolve over time, often in response to new knowledge about material performance and storm resistance. Evaluating a roof’s condition requires familiarity with the codes applicable during its initial installation. For instance, if upgrades are required, professionals must determine when and where these apply. Local codes often mandate roof assembly upgrades if damage exceeds a certain percentage of the total roof area.
Manufacturer Installation Guidelines: Each roofing material, whether tile, asphalt shingle, or other, is accompanied by manufacturer-specific installation guides. These guides outline crucial details such as fastener types, underlayment specifications, and proper layering techniques. Adhering to these guidelines ensures that repairs or replacements restore the roof’s integrity and comply with warranties.
Local Building Officials and Regional Practices: Local building officials have the ultimate authority to approve roof installations and products. They may enforce codes, require upgrades, or implement best practices tailored to their region’s unique challenges. Working closely with these officials is vital to ensuring compliance and achieving optimal outcomes.
Evaluating the Extent of Damage: After a storm, evaluating the extent of damage is the next critical step. For steep slope roofs, this requires more than a cursory visual inspection. A comprehensive assessment involves examining the entire roof assembly, including:
Roof Cladding: The cladding is often the most visibly affected component. Cracks, chips, or dislodged pieces indicate wind or hail damage. However, superficial damage doesn’t always necessitate replacement. Professionals must assess whether the cladding can be repaired while maintaining the roof’s functionality and aesthetic.
Underlayment: The underlayment provides a secondary barrier against water infiltration. Storms may compromise this layer, even if the cladding appears intact. Inspecting the underlayment is essential to determine whether it’s still effective or requires replacement. The useable lifespan should be evaluated, and consideration of an upgraded system might be the best long term performance option.
Flashing and Penetrations: Flashing around roof penetrations (e.g., vents, chimneys, skylights) is a common failure point. Storms can dislodge or damage flashing, leading to leaks. Proper inspection ensures that these areas are watertight and secure.
Eave Treatments: Eave treatments, such as drip edges and fascia, often sustain damage during storms. Evaluating these components ensures the roof assembly’s edge protection remains intact.
Beyond immediate repairs, design professionals can add value by drafting long-term maintenance programs for building owners. Regular maintenance significantly extends the lifespan and performance of steep slope roofs. Key maintenance activities include: yearly inspections, cladding cleaning, maintaining valleys, hips, ridges, and rakes, and sealing penetrations. By implementing these measures, building owners can protect their investment and mitigate future storm-related damage.
Organizations like the Tile Roofing Industry Alliance and other trade associations provide valuable guidelines for evaluating and repairing steep slope roofs. Staying informed about industry standards helps professionals deliver high-quality recommendations.
As severe storms become more frequent and intense, the role of design professionals in post-storm evaluations will only grow in importance. By mastering codes, inspection techniques, and maintenance strategies, these experts can help building owners navigate the challenges of storm recovery with confidence.
Through informed evaluations, design professionals contribute not only to individual building resilience but also to broader community recovery efforts. By combining technical expertise with a commitment to quality, they play a vital role in shaping a safer and more sustainable built environment.
